How to avoid several common injuries in swimming

As a sport, swimming accidentally causes swimmers to suffer sports injuries. Therefore, it is necessary to understand some common injuries and effectively prevent or treat them to make swimming exercises more effective and more scientific. Three common injuries.

Muscle cramps

Muscle cramps (commonly known as cramps) are involuntary forced contractions of muscles. During swimming, especially during winter swimming, muscles in various parts of the body may cramp. The most prone to muscle spasms are thighs and calves, followed by fingers, upper bones, and neck. Sometimes muscle spasms may also occur in the stomach and abdomen. If a person has spasms in the water, there will be severe local muscle pain, muscle stiffness, and inability to move, so that the hands and feet are not heard, and the entire movement is unbalanced, which is prone to choking and drowning accidents. According to some data, 84.7% of swimming drowning accidents are caused by cramps in the body muscles, so that many swimmers are discouraged from looking at the water.

Reasons: According to the investigation and research of the scientific research personnel, there are the following aspects: not doing or preparing for the activity before launching the water; too nervous, uncoordinated movements; the water temperature is too low or sudden cold water stimulation, the body does not pay attention to keeping warm; swimming Too much time, too much exercise, and too tired; the weather is hot, too much sweat before going into the water, and excessive consumption of water and salt in the body.

Prevention and treatment: adequate preparation activities to eliminate nervousness; increase body heat, excessive sweating should be supplemented with appropriate salt; control the activity time in water; it is not suitable to swim immediately after strenuous exercise after a meal.

Functional impairment

The investigation found that 87% of human ears, noses, throats, and eyes have experienced discomfort or pathological symptoms during swimming.

Cause: During vigorous exercise, the body is in a state of stress, the central nervous system is excited, blood pressure is increased, heartbeat is accelerated, breathing is strengthened, and lung ventilation is increased. In addition to musculoskeletal blood vessels, the blood vessels of other organs contract. Reflex spasm of blood vessels in the nose and larynx, reduced blood supply, causing ischemia and hypoxia. In addition, individual swimming postures (breaststroke, etc.) can easily cause water to invade the mucosa, and the breathing volume during swimming greatly exceeds the breathing volume when calm, and the filter when nervous The role of the water will be destroyed, and the stimulation of cold water will make the mucous membranes malnourished, which can weaken the disease resistance of the mucosa and make the nasal respiratory dysfunction. Long-term nasal dysfunction and mouth breathing will cause inflammation of the throat, throat, and nose.

In addition to the above factors, improper treatment of water pressure and external ear canal effusion can easily cause perforation of the tympanic membrane, causing damage to the middle and inner ear cochlea, labyrinth (inner ear organ) and other vestibular organs, causing hearing and balance disorders.

In addition, at present, most of the swimming pools in China have exceeded the water treatment standard, and have been in a sports environment with excessive chlorine and high humidity for a long time. The respiratory system has been stimulated for a long time, causing itchy nose and nasal obstruction. The throat and eyes will also be stimulated. It caused redness and swelling. Unfortunately, the citizens surveyed paid little attention to this situation.

Prevention and Control: It is forbidden to dig ears after swimming into the ear or to blow your nose vigorously after swimming to avoid mucous membrane damage caused by dirty water into the ear and sinuses. In terms of personal prevention, it should be treated immediately.

Shoulder strain

Causes and hazards: Insufficient preparation activities. Before swimming, the shoulder joint preparation activities are ignored, so the movements are stiff and uncoordinated during swimming, resulting in injury. The technical movement is not standardized, and the wrong stroke action violates the body's morphological characteristics and physical principles and causes damage. Long-term use of a single strong kick or stroke action makes the local burden too large and sometimes the speed is too fast, too much force can cause shoulder joint damage. In particular, swimming enthusiasts in mass fitness often neglect to relax after exercise, resulting in muscle fatigue accumulation, muscle stiffness, and long-term shoulder injury.